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The 1972 Atlantic hurricane season had only four fully tropical named storms – the fewest since 1930.〔 It officially began on June 1, 1972, and lasted until November 30, 1972. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. The first storm, Subtropical Storm Alpha, developed on May 23 off the Southeast United States and struck Florida, causing minor damage and two fatalities. Although several other tropical depressions developed, only Tropical Depression Five is known to have affected land. The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Agnes, which at the time was the costliest United States hurricane, until Frederic in 1979.〔 After brushing the western tip of Cuba, the hurricane made landfall on the Florida Panhandle. It caused at least $2.1 billion (1972 USD) in damage and 137 fatalities, mostly from inland flooding in Pennsylvania and New York. The strongest hurricane of the season was Betty, which reached peak winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) while west of the Azores. Tropical Storm Carrie passed just offshore of Massachusetts, causing heavy rainfall and resulting in four fatalities, but leaving only $1.78 million in damage. The remaining tropical systems – Dawn, Charlie, and Delta – caused no significant effects on land. A strong El Niño kept hurricane activity at a minimum, with only four tropical storms, three subtropical storms, and three hurricanes. It was also one of only five hurricane seasons since 1944 to have no major hurricanes – the other years being 1968, the 1986, 1994, and 2013. In addition, the season was the first to name subtropical storms, using the Phonetic Alphabet, rather than the standard naming list. Collectively, the storms of the 1972 Atlantic hurricane season resulted in 137 deaths and over $2.1 billion in damage. ==Season summary== ImageSize = width:790 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/05/1972 till:30/11/1972 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/05/1972 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TD value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1) legend:Tropical_Depression_=_<62_km/h_(<39_mph) id:TS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Tropical_Storm_=_63-88_km/h_(39-73_mph) id:C1 value:rgb(1,1,0.80) legend:Category_1_=_119-153_km/h_(74-95_mph) id:C2 value:rgb(1,0.91,0.46) legend:Category_2_=_154-177_km/h_(96-110_mph) id:C3 value:rgb(1,0.76,0.25) legend:Category_3_=_178-209-km/h_(111-130_mph) id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.56,0.13) legend:Category_4_=_210-249_km/h_(131-155_mph) id:C5 value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Category_5_=_≥250_km/h_(≥156_mph) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:23/05/1972 till:29/05/1972 color:TS text:"Alpha" (STS) from:14/06/1972 till:23/06/1972 color:C1 text:"Agnes" (C1) from:19/06/1972 till:20/06/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:10/07/1972 till:12/07/1972 color:TD text:"Five" (TD) from:16/07/1972 till:20/07/1972 color:TD text: "TD" barset:break from:31/07/1972 till:03/08/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:05/08/1972 till:07/08/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:12/08/1972 till:15/08/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:16/08/1972 till:18/08/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:22/08/1972 till:01/09/1972 color:C2 text: "Betty" (C2) barset:break from:29/08/1972 till:03/09/1972 color:TS text:"Carrie" (TS) from:03/09/1972 till:05/09/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:05/09/1972 till:14/09/1972 color:C1 text: "Dawn" (C1) from:19/09/1972 till:21/09/1972 color:TS text: "Charlie" (STS) from:20/09/1972 till:24/09/1972 color:TD text: "TD" barset:break from:01/10/1972 till:03/10/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:05/10/1972 till:15/10/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:16/10/1972 till:20/10/1972 color:TD text: "TD" from:01/11/1972 till:07/11/1972 color:TS text: "Delta" (STS) bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/05/1972 till:31/05/1972 text:May from:01/06/1972 till:30/06/1972 text:June from:01/07/1972 till:31/07/1972 text:July from:01/08/1972 till:31/08/1972 text:August from:01/09/1972 till:30/09/1972 text:September from:01/10/1972 till:31/10/1972 text:October from:01/11/1972 till:30/11/1972 text:November The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1972.〔 Although 19 tropical cyclones developed, only seven of them reach tropical storm intensity, below the 1950-2000 average of 9.6 named storms per season. Of the seven tropical or subtropical storms, three of them strengthened into a hurricane, which is also below average.〔 None of the three hurricane became major hurricanes, which is Category 3 or greater on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.〔 Overall, the season was inactive, despite having a similar number of tropical waves as the previous season. The lack of activity was attributed to an El Niño – which causes below normal sea surface temperatures over the eastern Atlantic – and strong vertical wind shear.〔 One subtropical storm and two hurricanes made landfall during the season and caused at least 137 fatalities and more than $2.1 billion in damage.〔〔〔〔 〕 The last storm of the season, Subtropical Storm Delta, became extratropical on November 7, about 23 days before the official end of hurricane season on November 30.〔 Tropical cyclogenesis first occurred in the month of May, with the development of Subtropical Storm Alpha. The month of June featured three tropical cyclones, including Hurricane Agnes and two tropical depressions. Three more systems formed in July, though all of them failed to reach tropical storm status. August was the most active month of the season, with five systems, including Hurricane Betty, Tropical Storm Carrie, and three tropical depressions. September featured slightly less cyclogenesis, with Hurricane Dawn, Subtropical Storm Charlie, and two tropical depressions. An additional three tropical depressions formed in October. Subtropical Storm Delta was the sole system in November, lasting from November 1 to November 7. The season's activity was reflected with an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) rating of 36, the lowest value since 1962.〔 Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration, such as Betty, will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h). Accordingly, tropical depressions are not included here. After the storm has dissipated, typically after the end of the season, the NHC reexamines the data, and produces a final report on each storm. These revisions can lead to a revised ACE total either upward or downward compared to the operational value. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1972 Atlantic hurricane season」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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